A Review of the Configurations, Capabilities, and Cutting-Edge Options for Multistage Solar Stills in Water Desalination

The desalination of saltwater is a viable option to produce freshwater. All the processes are energy-intensive and can be carried out on large scale. Therefore, producing freshwater using renewable energy sources most desirable considering current crisis effect that fossil-fuel-based has our carbon footprint. In this respect, tray-type still, one several solar power still varieties, popular owing its straightforward design, economic materials construction, minimal maintenance requirements, especially in isolated island regions with restricted natural water supplies. traditional few drawbacks, such as inability recover latent heat from condensation, reduced thermal convection, capacity, comparatively driving through evaporation. improvement mass transfer capabilities stills been subject many studies. However, there lack comprehensive review open literature covers design operational details multistage stills. purpose paper present thorough overview past research stills, terms configurations, capabilities, cutting-edge options. comparison unit without salt-blocking formation, indicates distillation may run continuously at high radiation generate pure around 1.7 times higher than formation. effective deign found “V”-shaped trays attach four-stage since they less expensive more economical “floor” (Λ-shape) which requires two collectors. Additionally, it stated efficiency, percentage, collected (over course year) increase by 23%, 18%, 24%, respectively, when collectors increased 26% (at constant inflow velocity water).